Websites
Websites
Runtime: 1.2s
Share on Facebook or Twitter
On August 19, 2022 at 8:36:56 PM UTC, https://en.wikipedia.org/ was accessible when tested on AS58224 in Iran.

Failures

HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null

DNS Queries

Resolver:
5.200.200.50
Query:
IN A en.wikipedia.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
Answer IP Info
@
IN
A
91.198.174.192
AS14907 (Wikimedia Foundation Inc.)
Query:
IN AAAA en.wikipedia.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
Answer IP Info
@
IN
AAAA
2620:0:862:ed1a::1
AS14907 (Wikimedia Foundation Inc.)

TCP Connections

2620:0:862:ed1a::1:443: failed (host_unreachable)
91.198.174.192:443: succeeded

HTTP Requests

URL
GET https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Response Headers
Accept-Ch:
Sec-CH-UA-Arch,Sec-CH-UA-Bitness,Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version-List,Sec-CH-UA-Model,Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version
Accept-Ranges:
bytes
Age:
2309
Cache-Control:
private, s-maxage=0, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Content-Language:
en
Content-Length:
86883
Content-Type:
text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date:
Fri, 19 Aug 2022 19:58:26 GMT
Last-Modified:
Fri, 19 Aug 2022 19:58:25 GMT
Nel:
{ "report_to": "wm_nel", "max_age": 86400, "failure_fraction": 0.05, "success_fraction": 0.0}
Permissions-Policy:
interest-cohort=(),ch-ua-arch=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-bitness=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-full-version-list=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-model=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-platform-version=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org")
Report-To:
{ "group": "wm_nel", "max_age": 86400, "endpoints": [{ "url": "https://intake-logging.wikimedia.org/v1/events?stream=w3c.reportingapi.network_error&schema_uri=/w3c/reportingapi/network_error/1.0.0" }] }
Server:
mw1323.eqiad.wmnet
Server-Timing:
cache;desc="hit-front", host;desc="cp3052"
Strict-Transport-Security:
max-age=106384710; includeSubDomains; preload
Vary:
Accept-Encoding,Cookie,Authorization
X-Cache:
cp3052 hit, cp3052 hit/11329
X-Cache-Status:
hit-front
X-Client-Ip:
[scrubbed]
X-Content-Type-Options:
nosniff
Response Body
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title>
<script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6085f90c-c5e4-4a56-8081-5831164a4478","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Main_Page","wgTitle":"Main Page","wgCurRevisionId":1093586708,"wgRevisionId":1093586708,"wgArticleId":15580374,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Main_Page","wgRelevantArticleId":15580374,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{
"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"nearby":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgVector2022PreviewPages":["Wikipedia","MediaWiki","Wikimedia_Foundation","Future","Design","Galaxy","James_Webb_Space_Telescope","Evolution","Typography","Magnifying_glass","Preview_(computing)"],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":10,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5296","GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":
"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.legacy.js","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.uls.interface","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script>
<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});});});</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>
<script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector"></script>
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.25"/>
<meta name="referrer" content="origin"/>
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-crossorigin"/>
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"/>
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg/1200px-William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg"/>
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/>
<meta property="og:image:height" content="1603"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg/800px-William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg"/>
<meta property="og:image:width" content="800"/>
<meta property="og:image:height" content="1069"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg/640px-William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg"/>
<meta property="og:image:width" content="640"/>
<meta property="og:image:height" content="855"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1000, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<meta property="og:title" content="Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"/>
<meta property="og:type" content="website"/>
<link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"/>
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 720px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia picture of the day feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&amp;feed=potd&amp;feedformat=atom"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia featured articles feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&amp;feed=featured&amp;feedformat=atom"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia &quot;On this day...&quot; feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&amp;feed=onthisday&amp;feedformat=atom"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/>
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/>
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/>
<link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"/>
</head>
<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Main_Page rootpage-Main_Page skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>
<div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
	<a id="top"></a>
	<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
	<div class="mw-indicators">
	</div>
	<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" style="display: none">Main Page</h1>
	<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body">
		<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
		<div id="contentSub"></div>
		<div id="contentSub2"></div>
		
		<div id="jump-to-nav"></div>
		<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a>
		<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a>
		<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094834805">.mw-parser-output .mp-box{border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0 0.5em 0.5em;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mp-h2,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .mp-h2{border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em 0.4em;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;font-family:inherit}.mw-parser-output h2.mp-h2::after{border:none}.mw-parser-output .mp-later{font-size:85%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output #mp-topbanner{background:#f9f9f9;border-color:#ddd}.mw-parser-output #mp-welcomecount{text-align:center;margin:0.4em}.mw-parser-output #mp-welcome{font-size:162%;padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output #mp-welcome h1{font-size:inherit;font-family:inherit;display:inline;border:none}.mw-parser-output #mp-welcome h1::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output #mp-free{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output #articlecount{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .mp-contains-float::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.mw-parser-output #mp-banner{background:#fffaf5;border-color:#f2e0ce}.mw-parser-output #mp-left{background:#f5fffa;border-color:#cef2e0}.mw-parser-output #mp-left .mp-h2{background:#cef2e0;border-color:#a3bfb1}.mw-parser-output #mp-right{background:#f5faff;border-color:#cedff2}.mw-parser-output #mp-right .mp-h2{background:#cedff2;border-color:#a3b0bf}.mw-parser-output #mp-middle{background:#fff5fa;border-color:#f2cedd}.mw-parser-output #mp-middle .mp-h2{background:#f2cedd;border-color:#bfa3af}.mw-parser-output #mp-lower{background:#faf5ff;border-color:#ddcef2}.mw-parser-output #mp-lower .mp-h2{background:#ddcef2;border-color:#afa3bf}.mw-parser-output #mp-bottom{border-color:#e2e2e2}.mw-parser-output #mp-bottom .mp-h2{background:#eee;border-color:#ddd}@media(max-width:875px){.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp table,.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp tr,.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp td,.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp tbody{display:block!important;width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output #mp-tfp tr:first-child td:first-child a{text-align:center;display:table;margin:0 auto}}@media(min-width:875px){.mw-parser-output #mp-upper{display:flex}.mw-parser-output #mp-left{flex:1 1 55%;margin-right:2px}.mw-parser-output #mp-right{flex:1 1 45%;margin-left:2px}}.mw-parser-output div.hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output div.hlist.inline li,.mw-parser-output div.hlist.inline{display:inline}</style>
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-box">
<div id="mp-welcomecount">
<div id="mp-welcome"><h1><span class="mw-headline" id="Welcome_to_Wikipedia">Welcome to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></span></h1>,</div>
<div id="mp-free">the <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> that <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_Wikipedia" title="Help:Introduction to Wikipedia">anyone can edit</a>.</div>
<div id="articlecount"><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">6,571,970</a> articles in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mp-upper">
<div id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG mp-box">
<h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" class="mp-h2"><span id="From_today.27s_featured_article"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="From_today's_featured_article">From today's featured article</span></h2>
<div id="mp-tfa" class="mp-contains-float"><b><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">Confirmation bias</a></b> is a tendency for people to favor information that confirms their preconceptions. As a result, people recall information from memory selectively, and interpret it in a biased way, in particular for emotionally significant issues and established beliefs. Biased search, interpretation and recall have been invoked to explain <a href="/wiki/Group_polarization#Attitude_polarization" title="Group polarization">attitude polarization</a> (disagreeing parties diverging further when they  are exposed to the same evidence), <a href="/wiki/Belief_perseverance" title="Belief perseverance">belief perseverance</a> (beliefs persisting after the evidence for them is shown to be false), the  <a href="/wiki/Serial-position_effect#Primacy_effect" title="Serial-position effect">primacy effect</a> (data encountered early in a series being given more weight) and <a href="/wiki/Illusory_correlation" title="Illusory correlation">illusory correlation</a> (people falsely perceiving an association between two events or situations). Explanations for these biases include <a href="/wiki/Wishful_thinking" title="Wishful thinking">wishful thinking</a> and the limited human capacity to process information. Confirmation biases contribute to overconfidence in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence. This can lead to disastrous decisions, especially in organizational, military and political contexts. (<b><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">Full&#160;article...</a></b>)
<div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;">
Recently featured: <div class="hlist hlist-separated inline">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hill_303_massacre" title="Hill 303 massacre">Hill 303 massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">Speed of light</a></li></ul>
</div></div>
<div class="hlist hlist-separated tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/August_2022" title="Wikipedia:Today&#39;s featured article/August 2022">Archive</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today&#39;s featured article">About</a></b></li></ul>
</div></div>
<h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" class="mp-h2"><span class="mw-headline" id="Did_you_know_...">Did you know&#160;...</span></h2>
<div id="mp-dyk" class="mp-contains-float">
<div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;">
<div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 119px;">
<a href="/wiki/File:55_Water_Street_and_north_wing.jpg" class="image" title="55&#160;Water Street"><img alt="55&#160;Water Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/55_Water_Street_and_north_wing.jpg/119px-55_Water_Street_and_north_wing.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="165" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/55_Water_Street_and_north_wing.jpg/179px-55_Water_Street_and_north_wing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/55_Water_Street_and_north_wing.jpg/238px-55_Water_Street_and_north_wing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2221" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">55&#160;Water Street</div></div>
</div>
<ul><li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/55_Water_Street" title="55 Water Street">New York City's largest office building</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> is owned by an Alabama pension fund?</li>
<li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Vict%C3%B3ria_Pitts" title="Victória Pitts">Victória Pitts</a></b> from Brazil portrayed characters in all three parts of Puccini's <i><a href="/wiki/Il_trittico" title="Il trittico">Il trittico</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Oper_Frankfurt" title="Oper Frankfurt">Oper Frankfurt</a> in 2022, including Zita in <i><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Schicchi" title="Gianni Schicchi">Gianni Schicchi</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#63;</span></li>
<li>... that <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a> produced three <b><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_models" title="Nintendo Entertainment System models">official variants</a></b> of <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Famicom</a> in Japan, one of which was a television set that was subsequently released in the United States?</li>
<li>... that the US Special Envoy for Afghan women and girls, <b><a href="/wiki/Rina_Amiri" title="Rina Amiri">Rina Amiri</a></b>, is a former refugee who told US Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> that "the Afghan population is not the Taliban"?</li>
<li>... that the main activity of the short-lived <b><a href="/wiki/Sejm_of_Central_Lithuania" title="Sejm of Central Lithuania">parliament of Central Lithuania</a></b> of 1922 was to request annexation by Poland?</li>
<li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Emma_Reaney" title="Emma Reaney">Emma Reaney</a></b> is the only <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish">Notre Dame Fighting Irish</a> swimmer to win an <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> championship?</li>
<li>... that sales declined after <i><b><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Here_Been_Raped_and_Speaks_English%3F" title="Anyone Here Been Raped and Speaks English?">Anyone Here Been Raped and Speaks English?</a></b></i> was renamed by its American publisher, so the original title was restored in subsequent editions?</li>
<li>... that model <b><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Pulitzer" title="Patsy Pulitzer">Patsy Pulitzer</a></b> was called one of the "World's Loveliest Sportswomen" after catching a 1,230-pound (560&#160;kg) black marlin, a then world-record fish for a woman?</li></ul>
<div class="hlist hlist-separated dyk-footer noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG mp-box">
<h2 id="mp-itn-h2" class="mp-h2"><span class="mw-headline" id="In_the_news">In the news</span></h2>
<div id="mp-itn" class="mp-contains-float"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1053378754">.mw-parser-output .itn-img{float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.2em}</style><div role="figure" class="itn-img">
<div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 123px;">
<a href="/wiki/File:William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg" class="image" title="William Ruto in 2014"><img alt="William Ruto in 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg/121px-William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="162" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg/182px-William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg/242px-William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2865" data-file-height="3828" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;">William Ruto</div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> <i>(pictured)</i> is <b><a href="/wiki/2022_Kenyan_general_election" title="2022 Kenyan general election">elected</a></b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">President of Kenya</a>.</li>
<li>In <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>, Egypt, <b><a href="/wiki/Giza_church_fire" title="Giza church fire">a church fire</a></b> spreads to a nursery and kills 41 people, including at least 18 children.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses" title="The Satanic Verses">The Satanic Verses</a></i>, is critically injured after <b><a href="/wiki/Stabbing_of_Salman_Rushdie" title="Stabbing of Salman Rushdie">a stabbing</a></b> at a speech in the United States.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Oder_environmental_disaster" title="2022 Oder environmental disaster">A mass fish kill</a></b> occurs in the river <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> in Poland and Germany.</li></ul>
<div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;">
<div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <div class="hlist hlist-separated inline">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></div>
<div><b><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2022" title="Deaths in 2022">Recent deaths</a></b>&#58; <div class="hlist hlist-separated inline">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Carril" title="Pete Carril">Pete Carril</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Petersen" title="Wolfgang Petersen">Wolfgang Petersen</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darius_Campbell_Danesh" title="Darius Campbell Danesh">Darius Campbell Danesh</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Evans" title="Nicholas Evans">Nicholas Evans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Worster" title="Steve Worster">Steve Worster</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maung_Paw_Tun" title="Maung Paw Tun">Maung Paw Tun</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div>
<div class="hlist hlist-separated itn-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates" title="Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul>
</div></div>
<h2 id="mp-otd-h2" class="mp-h2"><span class="mw-headline" id="On_this_day">On this day</span></h2>
<div id="mp-otd" class="mp-contains-float">
<p><b><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a></b>
</p>
<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img">
<div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 127px;">
<a href="/wiki/File:Lost_Portrait_of_Charles_Edward_Stuart.jpg" class="image" title="Bonnie Prince Charlie"><img alt="Bonnie Prince Charlie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lost_Portrait_of_Charles_Edward_Stuart.jpg/127px-Lost_Portrait_of_Charles_Edward_Stuart.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="155" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lost_Portrait_of_Charles_Edward_Stuart.jpg/191px-Lost_Portrait_of_Charles_Edward_Stuart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lost_Portrait_of_Charles_Edward_Stuart.jpg/254px-Lost_Portrait_of_Charles_Edward_Stuart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4421" data-file-height="5412" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Bonnie Prince Charlie</div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1274" title="1274">1274</a> – Shortly after his return from the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward&#39;s crusade">Ninth Crusade</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward&#160;I</a></b> was crowned King of England at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, nearly two years after <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">his father</a>'s death.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Bonnie Prince Charlie</a> <i>(pictured)</i> raised the <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a> standard at <a href="/wiki/Glenfinnan" title="Glenfinnan">Glenfinnan</a>, Scotland, in an attempt to regain the British throne for <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">his father</a>, beginning the <b><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Jacobite rising of 1745</a></b>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years&#39; War">Seven Years' War</a>: At the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lagos" title="Battle of Lagos">Battle of Lagos</a></b>, British ships, having damaged several French vessels the previous day, pursued the remainder of the fleet to <a href="/wiki/Lagos,_Portugal" title="Lagos, Portugal">Lagos, Portugal</a>, and continued the battle there in violation of Portuguese neutrality.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a>: A Russian <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-26" title="Mil Mi-26">Mil <span class="nowrap">Mi-26</span></a> <b><a href="/wiki/2002_Khankala_Mi-26_crash" title="2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash">was brought down</a></b> by <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen separatists</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Man-portable_air-defense_system" title="Man-portable air-defense system">man-portable air-defense system</a> near <a href="/wiki/Khankala" title="Khankala">Khankala</a>, killing 127 people in the deadliest helicopter crash in history.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a> – Around 250,000 <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">farmed</a> non-native <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic salmon</a> were <b><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Island_Atlantic_salmon_pen_break" title="Cypress Island Atlantic salmon pen break">accidentally released into the wild</a></b> near <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Island" title="Cypress Island">Cypress Island</a>, Washington.</li></ul>
<div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abu Yazid</a></b>  (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr>&#160;947)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Levin" title="Bernard Levin">Bernard Levin</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr>&#160;1928)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></b>  (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr>&#160;1994)</li></ul></div>
<div style="margin-top:0.5em;">
More anniversaries: <div class="hlist hlist-separated inline nowraplinks">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a></b></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a></li></ul>
</div></div>
<div class="hlist hlist-separated otd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/August" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/August">Archive</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></b></li></ul>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mp-middle" class="MainPageBG mp-box">
<h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" class="mp-h2"><span id="From_today.27s_featured_list"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="From_today's_featured_list">From today's featured list</span></h2>
<div id="mp-tfl" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfl-img" style="float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.4em 0.9em;"><div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 198px;">
<a href="/wiki/File:MewithoutYou-19_(48483323417)_(cropped).jpg" class="image" title="mewithoutYou"><img alt="mewithoutYou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/MewithoutYou-19_%2848483323417%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/198px-MewithoutYou-19_%2848483323417%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="99" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/MewithoutYou-19_%2848483323417%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/297px-MewithoutYou-19_%2848483323417%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/MewithoutYou-19_%2848483323417%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/396px-MewithoutYou-19_%2848483323417%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="561" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="/wiki/MewithoutYou" title="MewithoutYou">mewithoutYou</a></div></div>
</div>
<p>The <b><a href="/wiki/MewithoutYou_discography" title="MewithoutYou discography">discography of mewithoutYou</a></b>, an American <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> band, includes seven studio albums, a live album, and seven <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">extended plays</a>. The band was formed in 2001 as a side project to The Operation, an alternative band active from 1999 to 2001 that shared most of its members with mewithoutYou. The first undisputed release by the band was <i>I Never Said That I Was Brave</i> which was released on Kickstart Audio in 2001. Over the next year, the band signed to <a href="/wiki/Tooth_%26_Nail_Records" title="Tooth &amp; Nail Records">Tooth &amp; Nail Records</a> and released their debut album, <i><a href="/wiki/(A%E2%86%92B)_Life" title="(A→B) Life">[A→B] Life</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brother,_Sister" title="Brother, Sister">Brother, Sister</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_All_Crazy!_It%27s_All_False!_It%27s_All_a_Dream!_It%27s_Alright" title="It&#39;s All Crazy! It&#39;s All False! It&#39;s All a Dream! It&#39;s Alright">It's All Crazy! It's All False! It's All a Dream! It's Alright</a></i>, mewithoutYou's third and fourth studio albums, moved away from the <a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">emo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore-punk</a> influences of their earlier work and featured less abrasive vocals by Aaron Weiss. The band left Tooth &amp; Nail in 2011 and released their fifth album, <i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Stories" title="Ten Stories">Ten Stories</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept album</a> about the crash of a circus train, on their own Pine Street Records in 2012. In 2018, mewithoutYou released their final studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/Untitled_(mewithoutYou_album)" title="Untitled (mewithoutYou album)">[Untitled]</a></i>, and their only live album, <i>[A→B] Live</i>. The band announced that they will disband at the conclusion of their farewell tour on August&#160;20, 2022. (<b><a href="/wiki/MewithoutYou_discography" title="MewithoutYou discography">Full&#160;list...</a></b>)
</p>
<div class="tfl-recent" style="text-align: right;">
Recently featured: <div class="hlist hlist-separated inline">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of German submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">German submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artiodactyls" title="List of artiodactyls">Artiodactyls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WCW_Hall_of_Fame" title="WCW Hall of Fame">WCW Hall of Fame</a></li></ul>
</div></div>
<div class="hlist hlist-separated tfl-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_list/August_2022" title="Wikipedia:Today&#39;s featured list/August 2022">Archive</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists" title="Wikipedia:Featured lists">More featured lists</a></b></li></ul>
</div></div>
</div>
<div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG mp-box">
<h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2"><span id="Today.27s_featured_picture"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Today's_featured_picture">Today's featured picture</span></h2>
<div id="mp-tfp">
<table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; background-color:transparent; border-collapse:collapse;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0; width:300px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_Carroll_-_Henry_Holiday_-_Hunting_of_the_Snark_-_Plate_10.jpg" class="image" title="The Hunting of the Snark"><img alt="The Hunting of the Snark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lewis_Carroll_-_Henry_Holiday_-_Hunting_of_the_Snark_-_Plate_10.jpg/300px-Lewis_Carroll_-_Henry_Holiday_-_Hunting_of_the_Snark_-_Plate_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="438" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lewis_Carroll_-_Henry_Holiday_-_Hunting_of_the_Snark_-_Plate_10.jpg/450px-Lewis_Carroll_-_Henry_Holiday_-_Hunting_of_the_Snark_-_Plate_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lewis_Carroll_-_Henry_Holiday_-_Hunting_of_the_Snark_-_Plate_10.jpg/600px-Lewis_Carroll_-_Henry_Holiday_-_Hunting_of_the_Snark_-_Plate_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3484" data-file-height="5088" /></a>
</td>
<td style="padding:0 6px 0 0">
<p><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Hunting_of_the_Snark" title="The Hunting of the Snark">The Hunting of the Snark</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Nonsense_verse" title="Nonsense verse">nonsense poem</a> by the English writer <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>, telling the story of ten characters who cross the ocean to hunt a mysterious creature known as the Snark. The poem was published in 1876 with illustrations by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holiday" title="Henry Holiday">Henry Holiday</a>. This is the tenth plate from his illustrations, accompanying "Fit the Eighth: The Vanishing", in which things end badly for the Baker, one of the hunters:
</p>
<div style="margin-left:1em;" class="poem">
<p>In the midst of the word he was trying to say<br />
<span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">In the midst of his laughter and glee,</span><br />
He had softly and suddenly vanished away—<br />
<span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">For the Snark was a Boojum, you see.</span>
</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align:left;"><small>Illustration credit: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holiday" title="Henry Holiday">Henry Holiday</a>; restored by <a href="/wiki/User:Adam_Cuerden" title="User:Adam Cuerden">Adam Cuerden</a></small></p>
<div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;">
Recently featured: <div class="hlist hlist-separated inline">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2022-08-18" title="Template:POTD/2022-08-18"><i>Glyphoglossus molossus</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2022-08-17" title="Template:POTD/2022-08-17">Omega Nebula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2022-08-16" title="Template:POTD/2022-08-16">Double-barred finch</a></li></ul>
</div></div>
<div class="hlist hlist-separated potd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/Archive" title="Wikipedia:Picture of the day/Archive">Archive</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures">More featured pictures</a></b></li></ul>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</div>
<div id="mp-bottom" class="mp-box">
<h2 id="mp-other" class="mp-h2"><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_areas_of_Wikipedia">Other areas of Wikipedia</span></h2>
<div id="mp-other-content">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></b> – The central hub for editors, with resources, links, tasks, and announcements.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a></b> – Forum for discussions about Wikipedia itself, including policies and technical issues.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">Site news</a></b> – Sources of news about Wikipedia and the broader Wikimedia movement.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> – Ask basic questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> – Ask questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desk</a></b> – Ask research questions about encyclopedic topics.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Content portals</a></b> – A unique way to navigate the encyclopedia.</li></ul>
</div>
<h2 id="mp-sister" class="mp-h2"><span id="Wikipedia.27s_sister_projects"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia's_sister_projects">Wikipedia's sister projects</span></h2>
<div id="mp-sister-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1007624485">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style>
<p>Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:our-work/wikimedia-projects/">projects</a>:
</p>
<div class="plainlist">
<ul id="sister-projects-list">
<li>
  <div><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/35px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/53px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/70px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:">MediaWiki</a></span><br />Wiki software development</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/35px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/53px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/70px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a></span><br />Wikimedia project coordination</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="species:">Wikispecies</a></span><br />Directory of species</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h2 id="mp-lang" class="mp-h2"><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia_languages">Wikipedia languages</span></h2>
<div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997272951">.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-complete{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages>ul{list-style:none;text-align:center;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count-container{width:90%;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding-top:1em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-prettybars{width:100%;height:1px;margin:0.5em 0;background-color:#c8ccd1;flex-shrink:1;align-self:center}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count{padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap}</style>
<div class="wikipedia-languages nourlexpansion">
<p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Many <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">other Wikipedias are available</a>; some of the largest are listed below.
</p>
<ul class="plainlinks">
<li>
  <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container">
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
    <div role="heading" class="wikipedia-languages-count">1,000,000+ articles</div>
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
  </div>
  <ul class="wikipedia-languages-langs hlist hlist-separated inline">
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li>
  </ul>
</li>
<li>
  <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container">
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
    <div role="heading" class="wikipedia-languages-count">250,000+ articles</div>
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
  </div>
  <ul class="wikipedia-languages-langs hlist hlist-separated inline">
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Min Nan Chinese (nan:)" lang="nan">Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>&#8206;</li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk Bokmål</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li>
  </ul>
</li>
<li>
  <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container">
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
    <div role="heading" class="wikipedia-languages-count">50,000+ articles</div>
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
  </div>
  <ul class="wikipedia-languages-langs hlist hlist-separated inline">
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="simple">Simple English</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li>
    <li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li>
  </ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
</div>
<!-- 
NewPP limit report
Parsed by mw1323
Cached time: 20220819195826
Cache expiry: 3600
Reduced expiry: true
Complications: []
CPU time usage: 0.482 seconds
Real time usage: 0.601 seconds
Preprocessor visited node count: 3949/1000000
Post‐expand include size: 125578/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 11734/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 18/100
Expensive parser function count: 13/500
Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20
Unstrip post‐expand size: 4481/5000000 bytes
Lua time usage: 0.107/10.000 seconds
Lua memory usage: 2602973/52428800 bytes
Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400
-->
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00%  397.041      1 -total
 45.61%  181.081      1 Wikipedia:Main_Page/Tomorrow
 21.86%   86.810      7 Template:Main_page_image
 17.52%   69.573      1 Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/August_20
 16.71%   66.337      2 Template:Wikipedia_languages
 15.25%   60.540      7 Template:Str_number/trim
 14.86%   58.993      1 Template:Did_you_know/Queue/3
 14.02%   55.662      2 Template:Main_page_image/DYK
 13.36%   53.036      1 Template:Did_you_know
 12.13%   48.167      1 Template:DYKbotdo
-->

<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:15580374-0!canonical and timestamp 20220819195826 and revision id 1093586708.
 -->
</div><noscript><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript>
<div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;oldid=1093586708">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;oldid=1093586708</a>"</div></div>
		<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div>
	</div>
</div>

<div id="mw-navigation">
	<h2>Navigation menu</h2>
	<div id="mw-head">
		

<nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-personal-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="The user page for the IP address you are editing as">Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Main+Page" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Main+Page" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

		<div id="left-navigation">
			

<nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-namespaces-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Main Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Main_Page" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

			

<nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown-noicon vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation"  >
	<input type="checkbox"
		id="p-variants-checkbox"
		role="button"
		aria-haspopup="true"
		data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants"
		class="vector-menu-checkbox"
		aria-labelledby="p-variants-label"
	/>
	<label
		id="p-variants-label"
		 aria-label="Change language variant"
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span>
	</label>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

		</div>
		<div id="right-navigation">
			

<nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-views-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=edit" title="This page is protected.&#10;You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

			

<nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown-noicon vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation"  title="More options" >
	<input type="checkbox"
		id="p-cactions-checkbox"
		role="button"
		aria-haspopup="true"
		data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions"
		class="vector-menu-checkbox"
		aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label"
	/>
	<label
		id="p-cactions-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span>
	</label>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

			
<div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box">
	<div>
			<h3 >
				<label for="searchInput">Search</label>
			</h3>
		<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform"
			class="vector-search-box-form">
			<div id="simpleSearch"
				class="vector-search-box-inner"
				 data-search-loc="header-navigation">
				<input class="vector-search-box-input"
					 type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"
				>
				<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
				<input id="mw-searchButton"
					 class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" value="Search">
				<input id="searchButton"
					 class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go">
			</div>
		</form>
	</div>
</div>

		</div>
	</div>
	

<div id="mw-panel">
	<div id="p-logo" role="banner">
		<a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page"
			title="Visit the main page"></a>
	</div>
	

<nav id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-navigation-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigation</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" title="Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation"><span>Donate</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

	

<nav id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-interaction-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Contribute</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>


<nav id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-tb-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Main_Page" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Main_Page" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;oldid=1093586708" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Main_Page&amp;id=1093586708&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>


<nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-coll-print_export-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Print/export</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Main_Page&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>


<nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Multilingual Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimania</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

	

<nav id="p-lang" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" role="navigation"  >
	<h3
		id="p-lang-label"
		
		class="vector-menu-heading "
	>
		<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Languages</span>
	</h3>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">
		
		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul>
		
	</div>
</nav>

</div>

</div>

<footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" >
	<ul id="footer-info">
	<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 June 2022, at 15:25<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li>
	<li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0</a><a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>;
additional terms may apply.  By using this site, you agree to the <a href="//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li>
</ul>

	<ul id="footer-places">
	<li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li>
	<li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li>
	<li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li>
	<li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li>
	<li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li>
	<li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li>
	<li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li>
	<li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li>
</ul>

	<ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
	<li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/footer/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy" /></a></li>
	<li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li>
</ul>

</footer>

<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.482","walltime":"0.601","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3949,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":125578,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11734,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4481,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00%  397.041      1 -total"," 45.61%  181.081      1 Wikipedia:Main_Page/Tomorrow"," 21.86%   86.810      7 Template:Main_page_image"," 17.52%   69.573      1 Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/August_20"," 16.71%   66.337      2 Template:Wikipedia_languages"," 15.25%   60.540      7 Template:Str_number/trim"," 14.86%   58.993      1 Template:Did_you_know/Queue/3"," 14.02%   55.662      2 Template:Main_page_image/DYK"," 13.36%   53.036      1 Template:Did_you_know"," 12.13%   48.167      1 Template:DYKbotdo"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.107","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2602973,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw1323","timestamp":"20220819195826","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script>
<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Main Page","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-26T15:28:12Z","dateModified":"2022-06-17T15:25:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg","headline":"Wikimedia project page"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Main Page","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5296","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-26T15:28:12Z","dateModified":"2022-06-17T15:25:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/William_Ruto_at_WTO_Public_Forum_2014.jpg","headline":"Wikimedia project page"}</script>
<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":796,"wgHostname":"mw1323"});});</script>
</body>
</html>
URL
GET https://en.wikipedia.org/
Response Headers
Accept-Ch:
Sec-CH-UA-Arch,Sec-CH-UA-Bitness,Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version-List,Sec-CH-UA-Model,Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version
Age:
1196
Cache-Control:
s-maxage=1200, must-revalidate, max-age=0
Content-Length:
0
Content-Type:
text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date:
Fri, 19 Aug 2022 20:17:00 GMT
Last-Modified:
Fri, 19 Aug 2022 20:17:00 GMT
Location:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Nel:
{ "report_to": "wm_nel", "max_age": 86400, "failure_fraction": 0.05, "success_fraction": 0.0}
Permissions-Policy:
interest-cohort=(),ch-ua-arch=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-bitness=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-full-version-list=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-model=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org"),ch-ua-platform-version=(self "intake-analytics.wikimedia.org")
Report-To:
{ "group": "wm_nel", "max_age": 86400, "endpoints": [{ "url": "https://intake-logging.wikimedia.org/v1/events?stream=w3c.reportingapi.network_error&schema_uri=/w3c/reportingapi/network_error/1.0.0" }] }
Server:
mw1372.eqiad.wmnet
Server-Timing:
cache;desc="hit-front", host;desc="cp3052"
Set-Cookie:
WMF-Last-Access=19-Aug-2022;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Tue, 20 Sep 2022 12:00:00 GMT
Strict-Transport-Security:
max-age=106384710; includeSubDomains; preload
Vary:
Accept-Encoding,X-Forwarded-Proto,Cookie,Authorization
X-Cache:
cp3062 hit, cp3052 hit/55
X-Cache-Status:
hit-front
X-Client-Ip:
[scrubbed]
X-Content-Type-Options:
nosniff
Response Body

Empty body

Resolver

Resolver ASN
AS58224
Resolver IP
5.200.200.50
Resolver Network Name
Iran Telecommunication Company PJS
Measurement UID
20220819203657.047945_IR_webconnectivity_d87cc2047b01cb39
Report ID
20220819T203257Z_webconnectivity_IR_58224_n1_PDt1XxM0vIya9Bo1
Platform
ios
Software Name
ooniprobe-ios (3.7.0)
Measurement Engine
ooniprobe-engine (3.15.2)

Raw Measurement Data

Loading…