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<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><head itemscope itemtype=https://www.kali.org/><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title itemprop=name>Kali Linux | Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Linux Distribution</title><meta itemprop=name content="Kali Linux | Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Linux Distribution"><meta name=application-name content="Kali Linux | Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Linux Distribution"><meta name=twitter:title content="Kali Linux | Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Linux Distribution"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Kali Linux"><meta property="og:title" content="Kali Linux | Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Linux Distribution"><meta itemprop=description content="Home of Kali Linux, an Advanced Penetration Testing Linux distribution used for Penetration Testing, Ethical Hacking and network security assessments."><meta name=description content="Home of Kali Linux, an Advanced Penetration Testing Linux distribution used for Penetration Testing, Ethical Hacking and network security assessments."><meta name=twitter:description content="Home of Kali Linux, an Advanced Penetration Testing Linux distribution used for Penetration Testing, Ethical Hacking and network security assessments."><meta property="og:description" content="Home of Kali Linux, an Advanced Penetration Testing Linux distribution used for Penetration Testing, Ethical Hacking and network security assessments."><meta name=keywords content="kali,linux,kalilinux,Penetration,Testing,Penetration Testing,Distribution,Advanced"><meta name=apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style content="black-translucent"><meta name=msapplication-navbutton-color content="#367BF0"><meta name=theme-color content="#367BF0"><meta name=language content="English"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"><meta itemprop=image content="https://www.kali.org/images/kali-logo.svg"><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.kali.org/images/kali-logo.svg"><meta name=twitter:image content="https://www.kali.org/images/kali-logo.svg"><meta name=twitter:image:src content="https://www.kali.org/images/kali-logo.svg"><meta property="og:updated_time" content="2022-08-10T00:00:00Z"><meta name=twitter:site content="@kalilinux"><meta name=twitter:creator content="@kalilinux"><link rel="alternate icon" class=js-site-favicon type=image/png href=https://www.kali.org/images/favicon.png><link rel=icon class=js-site-favicon type=image/svg+xml href=https://www.kali.org/images/favicon.svg><base href=https://www.kali.org/><link rel=canonical href=https://www.kali.org/ itemprop=url><meta name=twitter:url content="https://www.kali.org/"><meta name=url content="https://www.kali.org/"><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.kali.org/"><link rel=sitemap type=application/xml title=Sitemap href=https://www.kali.org/sitemap.xml><link href=https://www.kali.org/rss.xml type=application/rss+xml title="Kali Linux" rel=alternate><link href=https://www.kali.org/rss.xml type=application/rss+xml title="Kali Linux" rel=feed><link href=https://www.kali.org/style.min.css rel=stylesheet><style>:root{--primary-color:#367BF0;--body-color:#f9f9f9;--text-color:#636363;--text-color-dark:#242738;--white-color:#ffffff;--light-color:#f8f9fa;--font-family:Noto Sans}body.dark-theme{--body-color:black;--text-color:#e1e1e1;--text-color-dark:white;--white-color:#121212;--light-color:#1A1A1A}</style><script>const $=document.querySelector.bind(document),$$=document.querySelectorAll.bind(document)</script></head><body><header class=bg-cover><nav class=container><a id=logo href=https://www.kali.org/ style=background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-logo.svg)></a><ul id=navigation><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/get-kali/>Get Kali</a></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=dropdown-menu><span>Documentation <i class=ti-angle-down></i></span><div><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/>Kali Linux Documentation</a>
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<a href="https://bugs.kali.org/search.php?project_id=1&category_id[]=General%20Bug&category_id[]=Kali%20Package%20Bug&category_id[]=Kali%20Package%20Improvement&status[]=30&status[]=40&status[]=50&sticky=on&sort=id%2Clast_updated&dir=DESC%2CDESC&hide_status=-2&match_type=0">Known Issues</a></div></li><li class=dropdown-menu><span>Community <i class=ti-angle-down></i></span><div><a href=https://www.kali.org/community/>Community Support</a>
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<a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/community/contribute/>Get Involved</a></div></li><li class=dropdown-menu><span>Courses <i class=ti-angle-down></i></span><div><a href=https://portal.offensive-security.com/courses/pen-103>Kali Linux Revealed (KLCP/PEN-103)</a>
<a href=https://www.offensive-security.com/pwk-oscp/>PEN-200 (PWK/OSCP)</a>
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<a href=https://www.offensive-security.com/pen300-osep/>PEN-300 (ETBD/OSEP)</a>
<a href=https://www.offensive-security.com/web200-oswa/>WEB-200 (WAWK/OSWA)</a>
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<a href=https://www.offensive-security.com/exp301-osed/>EXP-301 (WUMED/OSED)</a>
<a href=https://www.offensive-security.com/exp312-osmr/>EXP-312 (MCB/OSMR)</a>
<a href=https://www.offensive-security.com/awe-osee/>EXP-401 (AWE/OSEE)</a>
<a href=https://www.offensive-security.com/soc200-osda/>SOC-200 (AWE/OSDA)</a></div></li><li class=dropdown-menu><span>Developers <i class=ti-angle-down></i></span><div><a href=https://gitlab.com/kalilinux>Git Repositories</a>
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<a href=https://nethunter.kali.org/>Kali NetHunter Stats</a></div></li><li class=dropdown-menu><span>About <i class=ti-angle-down></i></span><div><a href=https://www.kali.org/features/>Kali Linux Overview</a>
<a href=https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/documentation/graphic-resources>Gallery & Press Pack</a>
<a href=https://www.kali.org/about-us/>Meet The Kali Team</a>
<a href=https://www.kali.org/partnerships-sponsorships/>Partnerships & Friends</a>
<a href=https://www.kali.org/contact/>Contact Us</a></div></li></ul><button title="show menu"><div></div><div></div><div></div></button></nav><link href=https://www.kali.org/index.min.css rel=stylesheet><div id=banner><div id=banner-logo></div><div id=banner-text><div><h1>Kali Linux</h1><p>The most advanced Penetration Testing Distribution. Ever.</p></div><div><h1>The most advanced<br>Penetration Testing Distribution</h1><p>Kali Linux is an open-source, Debian-based Linux distribution geared towards various information security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics and Reverse Engineering.</p></div><div><a id=download-button class=btn href=https://www.kali.org/get-kali/>Download <i class=ti-download></i></a>
<a id=documentation-link class=btn href=https://www.kali.org/docs/>Documentation <i class=ti-book></i></a></div></div></div><a id=down-arrow href=#kali-highlights><div></div></a></header><section id=kali-highlights><div><div><h1>The Industry Standard</h1></div></div><h3>Kali Linux is not about its tools, nor the operating system. Kali Linux is a <strong>platform</strong>.</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/features/><h4><i class=ti-settings></i>Make Your Job Easier</h4></a><p>You can take any Linux and install pentesting tools on it, but you have to set the tools up manually and configure them. Kali is optimized to reduce the amount of work, so a <a href=https://www.kali.org/features/>professional</a> can just sit down and go.</p></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/get-kali/><h4><i class=ti-target></i>Kali Everywhere</h4></a><p>A version of Kali is always close to you, no matter where you need it. Mobile devices, Docker, ARM, Amazon Web Services, Windows Subsystem for Linux, Virtual Machine, bare metal, and others are all <a href=https://www.kali.org/get-kali/>available</a>.</p></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/general-use/metapackages/><h4><i class=ti-pencil-alt></i>Customization</h4></a><p>With the use of <a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/general-use/metapackages/>metapackages</a>, optimized for the specific tasks of a security professional, and a highly accessible and well documented <a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/development/live-build-a-custom-kali-iso/>ISO customization process</a>, it's always easy to generate an optimized version of Kali for your specific needs.</p></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/><h4><i class=ti-book></i>Documentation</h4></a><p>Whether you are a seasoned veteran or a novice, our <a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/>documentation</a> will have all the information you will need to know about Kali Linux. Multiple tips and “recipes” are available, to help ease doubts or address any issues. All documentation is open, so you can easily contribute.</p></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/community/><h4><i class=ti-comments></i>Community</h4></a><p>Kali Linux, with its <a href=https://www.backtrack-linux.org/ rel=noopener target=_blank>BackTrack</a> lineage, has a vibrant and <a href=https://www.kali.org/community/>active community</a>. There are active Kali forums, IRC Channel, Kali Tools listings, an open bug tracker system, and even community provided tool suggestions.</p></li></ul><figure><a href=https://www.kali.org/features/><img src=images/notebook.svg alt="Generic laptop PC">
<img src=images/notebook-kali-2022.1.jpg alt="Kali Linux desktop"></a></figure></section><section id=kali-tools class=white-section><h2>All the tools you need</h2><p>The Kali Linux penetration testing platform contains a vast array of tools and utilities. From information gathering to final reporting, Kali Linux enables security and IT professionals to assess the security of their systems.</p><h4>Find out all about <a class=chevron-link href=https://www.kali.org/tools>Kali's Tools</a></h4><div><div id=carousel><div><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/aircrack-ng/><img src=images/tool-logo-aircrack-ng.svg alt=Aircrack-ng><div>Aircrack-ng</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/burpsuite/><img src=images/tool-logo-burp.svg alt="Burp Suite"><div>Burp Suite</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/hydra/><img src=images/tool-logo-hydra.svg alt=Hydra><div>Hydra</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/john/><img src=images/tool-logo-john.svg alt="John the Ripper "><div>John the Ripper</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/maltego/><img src=images/tool-logo-maltego.svg alt=Maltego><div>Maltego</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/metasploit-framework/><img src=images/tool-logo-metasploit.svg alt="Metasploit Framework"><div>Metasploit Framework</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/nmap/><img src=images/tool-logo-nmap.svg alt=Nmap><div>Nmap</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/responder/><img src=images/tool-logo-responder.svg alt=Responder><div>Responder</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/sqlmap/><img src=images/tool-logo-sqlmap.svg alt=sqlmap><div>sqlmap</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/wireshark/><img src=images/tool-logo-wireshark.svg alt=Wireshark><div>Wireshark</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/crackmapexec/><img src=images/tool-logo-crackmapexec.svg alt=CrackMapExec><div>CrackMapExec</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/ffuf/><img src=images/tool-logo-ffuf.svg alt=FFUF><div>FFUF</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/powershell-empire/><img src=images/tool-logo-powershell-empire.svg alt=Empire><div>Empire</div></a><a href=https://www.kali.org/tools/starkiller/><img src=images/tool-logo-starkiller.svg alt=Starkiller><div>Starkiller</div></a></div></div></div></section><section id=kali-everywhere><h1>Kali Everywhere</h1><div><div><figure id=undercover-demo class=__js-animation><div id=undercover-demo__desktop--normal data-animation-duration=25></div><div id=undercover-demo__menu--normal1 data-animation-duration=2></div><div id=undercover-demo__menu--normal2 data-animation-duration=13></div><div id=undercover-demo__desktop--undercover data-animation-duration=5></div><div id=undercover-demo__window--files data-animation-duration=5></div><div id=undercover-demo__window--cmd data-animation-duration=35></div><div id=undercover-demo__menu--undercover1 data-animation-duration=2></div><div id=undercover-demo__menu--undercover2 data-animation-duration=13></div></figure><style>#undercover-demo{border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.5);position:relative;overflow:hidden}[id^=undercover-demo__]{background-size:100% 100%;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 calc(var(--width) * .002)calc(var(--width) * .01)rgba(0,0,0,.3);transition:opacity .4s ease}#undercover-demo__desktop--normal{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-normal.jpg);width:100%;height:100%}#undercover-demo__desktop--undercover{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-undercover.jpg);width:100%;height:100%;transition:opacity .2s ease}#undercover-demo__menu--normal1,#undercover-demo__menu--normal2{width:41%;height:87%;top:3.8%;transition:opacity .2s ease}#undercover-demo__menu--normal1{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-normal-menu1.jpg)}#undercover-demo__menu--normal2{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-normal-menu2.jpg)}#undercover-demo__menu--undercover1,#undercover-demo__menu--undercover2{width:39%;height:78%;bottom:5.8%;transition:opacity .2s ease}#undercover-demo__menu--undercover1{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-undercover-menu1.jpg)}#undercover-demo__menu--undercover2{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-undercover-menu2.jpg)}#undercover-demo__window--files{width:50%;height:59%;top:12%;left:10%;background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-window-files.jpg)}#undercover-demo__window--cmd{width:40%;height:37%;top:45%;left:27%;background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-desktop-undercover-window-cmd.jpg)}</style><h5>Undercover Mode</h5><p>Using Kali in an environment where you don't want to draw attention to yourself? <a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/introduction/kali-undercover/>Kali Undercover</a> is the perfect way to not stand out in a crowd.</p></div><div><figure id=nethunter-demo class=__js-animation><div id=nethunter-demo__phone data-animation-duration=39></div><div id=nethunter-demo__terminal data-animation-duration=26></div><div id=nethunter-demo__desktop data-animation-duration=35></div></figure><style>#nethunter-demo{border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.5);position:relative;overflow:hidden}[id^=nethunter-demo__]{background-size:100% 100%;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 calc(var(--width) * .002)calc(var(--width) * .01)rgba(0,0,0,.3);transition:opacity .4s ease}figure#nethunter-demo{border-top-left-radius:12% 5%;border-top-right-radius:12% 5%;border-bottom-left-radius:12% 5%;border-bottom-right-radius:12% 5%}#nethunter-demo__phone{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/nethunter-phone.jpg);box-shadow:none;height:100%;width:100%}#nethunter-demo__desktop,#nethunter-demo__terminal{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/nethunter-desktop.jpg);height:97.5%;width:94%;left:2.5%;top:1.3%;border-radius:6%}#nethunter-demo__terminal{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/nethunter-terminal.jpg)}</style><h5>Kali NetHunter</h5><p>A mobile penetration testing platform for Android devices, based on Kali Linux. <a href=https://www.kali.org/get-kali/#kali-mobile>Kali NetHunter</a> is made up of an App, App Store, Kali Container and KeX</p></div><div><figure id=winkex-demo class=__js-animation><div id=winkex-demo__desktop data-animation-duration=25></div><div id=winkex-demo__panel data-animation-duration=20></div><div id=winkex-demo__terminal data-animation-duration=5></div><div id=winkex-demo__menu data-animation-duration=50></div></figure><style>#winkex-demo{border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.5);position:relative;overflow:hidden}[id^=winkex-demo__]{background-size:100% 100%;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 calc(var(--width) * .002)calc(var(--width) * .01)rgba(0,0,0,.3);transition:opacity .4s ease}#winkex-demo__desktop{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-winkex-desktop.jpg);width:100%;height:100%}#winkex-demo__panel{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-winkex-panel.jpg);width:100%;height:4%}#winkex-demo__terminal{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-winkex-terminal.jpg);width:55%;height:59%;bottom:15%;right:5%}#winkex-demo__menu{background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/images/kali-winkex-menu.jpg);width:48%;height:89%;top:3.8%}</style><h5>Win-KeX</h5><p><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/wsl/win-kex/>Win-KeX</a> provides a full Kali Desktop Experience for Windows WSL. Applications started via Kali's panel will share the desktop with Microsoft Windows applications.</p></div></div><ul><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/arm/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-arm.svg alt="ARM architecture icon"><h3>ARM</h3></a><div>Cheap & low powered devices, which make for great leave behind devices. Modern ARM based laptops provide high speed with long battery life as an assessment platform.</div></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/installation/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-baremetal.svg alt="Bare Metal installation icon"><h3>Bare Metal</h3></a><div>Single or multiple boot Kali, giving you complete control over the hardware access (perfect for in-built WiFi and GPU), enabling the best performance.</div></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/cloud/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-cloud.svg alt="Cloud computing icon"><h3>Cloud</h3></a><div>Hosting providers which have Kali Linux pre-installed, ready to go, without worrying about looking after the infrastructure.</div></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/containers/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-container.svg alt="Container icon"><h3>Containers</h3></a><div>Using Docker or LXD, allows for extremely quick and easy access to all of Kali's tools, without the overhead of a isolated virtual machine.</div></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/nethunter/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-mobile.svg alt="Kali Mobile icon"><h3>Mobile</h3></a><div>A mobile penetration testing platform for Android devices, based on Kali Linux. Kali NetHunter consists of an NetHunter App, App Store, Kali Container, and KeX.</div></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/usb/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-usb.svg alt="Live USB icon"><h3>USB</h3></a><div>Kali in your pocket, ready to go with Live Boot. Your Kali, always with you, without altering the host OS, plus allows you to benefit from hardware access.</div></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/virtualization/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-vm.svg alt="Virtual Machine icon"><h3>Virtual Machines</h3></a><div>VMware & VirtualBox pre-built images ready to go. Allowing for a Kali install as bare as possible, with additional features such as snapshots, without altering the host OS. And we have vagrant images too.</div></li><li><a href=https://www.kali.org/docs/wsl/><img src=images/kali-everywhere-wsl.svg alt="Windows Subsystem for Linux icon"><h3>WSL</h3></a><div>WSL is included out of the box with modern Windows. You can then start to use Kali (and Win-Kex) without any installing any extra software.</div></li></ul></section><section id=desktops-preview class=white-section><h1>Choose the desktop you prefer</h1><div><div><h3><img src=images/logo-xfce.svg alt="Xfce logo">Xfce</h3><p>Xfce is a lightweight desktop environment for UNIX-like operating systems. It aims to be fast and low on system resources, while still being visually appealing and user friendly.</p><p>Xfce consists of separately packaged parts that together provide all functions of the desktop environment, but can be selected in subsets to suit user needs and preferences. This is Kali's default desktop environment.</p></div><img src=images/kali-desktop-xfce.jpg alt="Kali Linux with Xfce desktop"></div><div><img src=images/kali-desktop-gnome.jpg alt="Kali Linux with GNOME desktop"><div><h3><img src=images/logo-gnome.svg alt="GNOME logo">GNOME Shell</h3><p>Every part of GNOME Shell has been designed to make it simple and easy to use. The Activities Overview is an easy way to access all your basic tasks. A press of a button is all it takes to view your open windows, launch applications, or check if you have new messages. Having everything in one place is convenient and means that you don't have to learn your way through a maze of different technologies.</p></div></div><div><div><h3><img src=images/logo-kde.svg alt="KDE logo">KDE Plasma</h3><p>Plasma is made to stay out of the way as it helps you get things done. But under its light and intuitive surface, it's a powerhouse. So you're free to choose ways of usage right as you need them and when you need them.</p><p>With Plasma the user is king. Not happy with the color scheme? Change it! Want to have your panel on the left edge of the screen? Move it! Don't like the font? Use a different one! Download custom widgets in one click and add them to your desktop or panel.</p></div><img src=images/kali-desktop-kde.jpg alt="Kali Linux with KDE Plasma desktop"></div></section><section id=blog-posts><h2>Latest news from <a class=chevron-link href=blog/>our blog</a></h2><div><a href=https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-linux-2022-3-release/ class=card><div style=background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-linux-2022-3-release/images/banner-2022.3-release.jpg)></div><h4>Kali Linux 2022.3 Release (Discord & Test Lab)</h4><p>In light of &ldquo;Hacker Summer Camp 2022&rdquo; (BlackHat USA, BSides LV, and DEFCON) occurring right now, we wanted to push out Kali Linux 2022.3 as a nice surprise for everyone to enjoy! With the publishing of this blog post, we have the download links ready for immediate access, or you can update any existing installation.</p><time datetime="2022-08-09 00:00:00 +0000 UTC"><i class=ti-alarm-clock></i> 09 August 2022</time></a>
<a href=https://www.kali.org/blog/secure-kali-raspberry-pi/ class=card><div style=background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/blog/secure-kali-raspberry-pi/images/secure-kali-pi-2022-banner.jpg)></div><h4>Secure Kali Pi (2022)</h4><p>This is the first part of a 3 part series of blog posts surrounding Kali usage on Raspberry Pi devices. This first post will cover enabling Full Disk Encryption (FDE) on a Raspberry Pi, part two will cover remotely connecting to it, and finally, part three will cover debugging issues we ran into while making these posts, so others can learn how to do so as well.</p><time datetime="2022-08-02 00:00:00 +0000 UTC"><i class=ti-alarm-clock></i> 02 August 2022</time></a>
<a href=https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-vm-builder-weekly/ class=card><div style=background-image:url(https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-vm-builder-weekly/images/kali-vm-banner.jpg)></div><h4>Weekly Virtual Machines, with Build Scripts</h4><p>We have always made all our build-scripts public. These are the same set of tools which we use to generate Kali Linux (for each release, or our weekly images). You may have noticed that previously there wasn&rsquo;t anything about Virtual Machines (VMs). This is because until recently it was a manually done process, which followed our guides (VMware & VirtualBox).</p><time datetime="2022-07-21 00:00:00 +0000 UTC"><i class=ti-alarm-clock></i> 21 July 2022</time></a>
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Raw Measurement Data